Do the exercises
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Weather - Vocabulary
1,2. talk about
enjoy smth/doing smth
take part in
socialise with smb (peers from all over the world)
team up with smb
clean up the mess
aim, to aim
wise, weather-wise, wisely
join smth
get wide knowledge about
give information about (extreme weather events)
conduct (carry out) research, to research
get (become) acquainted with
rules of safe behaviour (in any weather)
And last, but not least.
expect smth
depend on/upon
a weather forecast
phenomenon (sing.) – phenomena (pl.)
forecast, to forecast=to predict, prediction
unpredictable
challenging, to challenge
miss smb/smth
be able to do smth
be confident in
have a fear of (dealing with strangers)
be independent from (your parents)
rely only on yourself
go on different trips, go on a trip
be responsible for, responsibility
dedicate a lot of time to…, devote to
give a very warm welcome
be under the weather
to weather (the storm)
a fair weather friend
leave smb cold
3. What’s the weather like today?
Thunderstorm, overcast, partly cloudy, sunny, foggy, drizzle, light/heavy rain, sleet, frosty, light/heavy snow, shower, downpour, hail (shower), flashes of light in the sky, a mixture of …
fall in large quantities
freeze, frost, covered with frost
chilly, hot – heat, boil, very hot=boiling, very cold=frosty
unbearable
nasty
It’s like the whole world is boiling/freezing!
The heat is unbearable!
Lovely weather for ducks! (=it’s pouring with rain)
It’s a lovely (fine, bright, nasty) day!
It’s great we can enjoy some fair weather.
4. concern
answers to smth
occur=happen
(in the) atmosphere, the state of atmosphere (at a definite time and place), atmospheric factors
surface, close to (the Earth), close to each other, (in the) layer
molecule
be influenced by
To be more exact, …
(air) pressure, humidity - humid, relative humidity
measured in (degrees), Celsius, Fahrenheit
vapour, water vapour turns into water, to evaporate
percent – percentage
moisture
precipitation: rain, snow, hail, sleet, drizzle, fog, mist
5. to heat, heating
solar (energy)
at the equator, at the north pole
condensation, (water) droplets, drops, raindrops, balls of ice, crystals, snowflakes
6. observe - watch, observation
condense - thicken, evaporate
fold up (its leaves, flowers)
trust smb./smth.
termometer, barometer, psychrometer, anemometer, rain gauge, wind vane
tool - instrument
measure, to measure, measurement
thus
data (pl.)
via
send back
accurate, accurately, predict accurately
process information
the rate of
three-dimensional
patch-patchy, breezy-windy, gusty-blowy, blow
rough (wind, sea)
thick, to thicken
moderate
What's the weather forecast for ... ?
There's no bad weather, there are bad clothes.
moderate
What's the weather forecast for ... ?
There's no bad weather, there are bad clothes.
Lesson 7 Ex.3a, 3b
TM: Today our guest is an
expert in weather and climate, a member of Royal meteorological society, a
popular weather forecaster Simon King.
Hello Simon. And my first question is … Is it true that it always rains
in Britain?
SK: Well, contrary to a popular belief, it DOES NOT rain every day in
Britain. However, it’s always advisable to bring some kind of a waterproof coat
if you plan to visit the Isles and keep yourself psychologically prepared!
TM: So, it’s true that a real Englishman carries around an umbrella and
a pair of sunglasses in case the weather suddenly changes.
SK: You see, Britain is an island
country and the surrounding sea gives it a varied climate. We never know what
the weather will be like from one day to other. It can be sunny one day and
rainy the next. As we have such a changeable weather from day to day it is
difficult to predict it.
TM: Could you explain to our readers why it changes so fast. They say in
Britain if you don’t like the weather, wait a minute.
SK: The main influence on our climate is our closeness to the Atlantic
Ocean and the warming of the waters around the land by the Gulf Stream (a warm
current of the northern Atlantic Ocean).
Our island is small compared with the other land masses in the northern
hemisphere – as a result Britain is more influenced by the ocean compared with
other European countries, and the Gulf Stream helps to keep winters milder.
TM: So what is British climate
like?
SK: In general we have warm summers and cool
winters. Our summers are cooler than those on the continent, but the
winters are milder. The overall climate in England is called temperate
maritime. This means that it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0ºC
in winter and not much higher than 32ºC in summer. It also means that it is
damp and changes frequently.
TM: What about the best time to visit the UK.
SK: July and August are
normally the warmest months in England.
Around the coasts, February
is normally the coldest month, but inland there is little to choose between
January and February as the coldest month.
Probably
the best months to travel in England are May, June, September and October. These months generally have the most pleasant
temperatures and less rain. But even at that time be prepared for sometimes harsh weather conditions in the
mountainous regions of Scotland.
July and August are the warmest months, but they are
also the wettest. The sunniest parts of Britain are along the south coast
of England.
TM: And how come that British people have such a fascination with
weather and weather forecasts?
SK: It’s true, we love talking about the forecasts. And to answer we
need to go back to the beginning of our conversation. We’ve already mentioned
several times that the weather changes so often on our Isles and it’s so
unpredictable. As a result it brings some sort of a challenge to our everyday
life. So to say we are a meteorologically-challenged nation! That’s probably
why discussing weather became a part of our daily routine.
TM: I see. And my last question would be what your favourite time of the
year is.
SK: Well, I like St. Luke's
summer. It is a period of fine, calm weather in the beginning of
October. I normally try to get some days off and travel to the seaside to enjoy
some sunshine before a gloomy winter.
TM: Thank you, Simon.
Lesson 6 Ex.2b, 2c
Host: Everyone talks about the weather and
everyone’s an expert, right? Today we’ll see how good are our competitors’
meteorological knowledge! Meet Ed and Jason.
Are you ready to start?
Ed and Jason: Yes!
Host: Question number one. What is
the main cause of the earth’s weather?.. And Ed was the first.
Ed: I think it’s water! Its evaporation creates our planet’s atmosphere.
Host: No! That’s a wrong answer! Jason?
Jason: I believe it’s the sun and its energy.
Host: Right! It’s the sun and to be more exact it’s the level of solar
radiation that our planet gets. Question two. Why is the sky blue? And Jason
was the first.
Jason: I know
that the sunlight that comes to our planet is white, but it consists of a lot
of different colours. Blue sunrays travel to the earth faster that why we see
blue sky.
Host: Well, I think we can
give you a point for your answer, Jason. The thing is that the molecules of air
in our atmosphere reflect blue sunrays more than for example red or yellow
ones. Our question number three is: Why does it start raining? Edward.
Ed: I think that’s because of the
water in the air.
Host: Water in the air? What do you mean?
Ed: Well, the air on our planet is damp since water exists in it in form
of gas. But when this air cools the gas
turns into water drops. As they become big and heavy enough they fall down from
clouds, so it starts raining.
Host: You are absolutely right! And you get a point, Ed. Number four:
since it starts raining when the air cools at what temperature does the rain
turn into snow? And Ed was the first again.
Ed: When water drops turn into ice, it’s about zero degrees Celsius or
32 Fahrenheit.
Host: Well-done, Ed! Let’s move on to question five. What is dangerous
lightning or thunder? And why?
Ed: Thunder.
Jason: Lightning.
Host: Jason, you were saying…
Jason: Lightning, of course. It can kill people for it carries
electricity.
Host: That’s true. Lightning kills an average of 50 people a year?
Lightning can kill or injure you badly. Recovering from lightning strikes can
take years. What’s more lightning can hit people who are holding hands or
sitting on one bench for example at a sporting event. Question six. What is
“the eye” of a storm? And it’s Ed now.
Ed: It’s the central part of the storm. It’s usually calm inside it.
Host: Good. And finally the last question. Why does a rainbow appear?
It’s Ed again.
Ed: It appears when the sunlight passes through very small water drops.
They reflect light at different angles and we see different colours.
Host: Amazing! Looks like Ed is the leader of our game now and we go to
the second round where…
Lesson 5 Ex.3a, 3b
(Host, Bill Nye, Mike Davidson)
Host: Hello, this is me, Bill Nye, the Science Guy and my today’s
guests, a well-known meteorologist Simon King and a folklore expert Mike
Davison. And what I’m going to find out today is how our great-grandparents
predicted weather and how accurate those predictions were. So Bill, my first
question is for you. What methods do you as a professional meteorologist use to
make a weather forecast?
SK: Well, of course the preparation of any weather forecast involves a
lot of people and gadgets. For example, we use the information from the
satellites and from hundreds of meteorological stations all around the British
Isles and on European and American continents. So I can state that today
predicting the weather is a hi-tech job.
Host: That’s right. But our grandparents and great-grandparents didn’t
have any of the devices and instruments you were talking about. However, the
first weather forecast appeared in Britain more than 150 years ago.
SK: That’s true! But its forthcoming was connected with the invention of
telegraph and a bunch of barometers. As a result of these inventions people
were able to share the weather updates across the continent.
Host: Mike, then we need your help here. Could you please tell us about
the weather forecasts centuries ago? Did people two or three hundred years ago
have any forecasts?
MD: Weather prediction goes back well
over two thousand years, with the ancient Chinese and Babylonians both having a
crack at it. But the most they could do was identifying general weather trends,
often with more than a little help from astrology. Actually, we can say that
there were three ways of predicting weather.
Host: Only three? It sounds quite easy. Probably the
first was watching the stars?
MD: Yes, you are right. But not only stars. I’d say
watching the sky!
Host: Oh, I think I know this! If the sky is overcast
it will rain soon!
MD: For example, if the sky is red in
the morning, this is an indication that dryer air has moved past you towards
the east and humid air is coming in behind you from the west, likely bringing
rain or bad weather with it.
Host: That’s where the rhyme "Red sky at night,
shepherd's delight, red sky in the morning, shepherd's
warning" comes from!
MD: Exactly! To tell the truth, a lot of weather observations are hidden
in folk rhymes. Let’s remember “Circle around the Moon; Rain or
snow soon”. This circle is created by humid air.
Host: So, watching the sky can give us some ideas about tomorrow
weather. What’s the second way?
MD: The second thing you can do is checking the grass for dew in the
morning and the wind direction.
Host: When the dew is on the grass, rain will never come to pass? Simon,
is it right?
SK: Yeah, because if it is cloudy or windy, the grass will likely be
dry. This indicates possible bad weather with upcoming rain. If the grass is
wet, there are chances you are going to have a dry day.
Host: Even professional weathermen know and use folk beliefs.
SK: Why not! They can be very helpful! However, we shouldn’t
overestimate them.
Host: Let’s come back to your three ways, Mike!
MD: Oh, right, so in addition to watching the sky, the wind and the
grass you can also watch the animals. Of course it’s much easier if you live in
the countryside. But even in the city you can observe birds, for example.
Host: If crows fly low, wind’s going to blow; if crows fly high, wind’s
going to die.
MD: Not only crows. Ants build the walls of their
hills higher just before bad weather. Turtles also feel the
coming downpour. They become a bit overexcited and overactive. Even your
cat can become a weather indicator. Cats will clean behind their ears before a
rain.
Host: So, you see that if you missed the weather programme with Simon
you can remember Mike’s advice. Go out of your house, and look around
carefully! Thanks Mike, thanks Simon! It was Bill Nye, hope you’ve learned
something new from us today.
Seasons and weather
1
- Hello, Charles.
- Hello, Dick, lovely day, isn't it?
- Absolutely wonderful, nice and warm. What's the weather forecast for tomorrow? Do you know?
- Yes, it says it will be bright and sunny.
- How nice. Nice weather for outing.
- You are right.
2
- Oh, that's you Tony. What is it like outdoors?
- It seems to be clearing up.
- What do you mean by clearing up?
- A big improvement on what we've been having. Quite different from the forecast.
- They say we are in for snow. It's supposed to cloud over this afternoon.
- Let's hope it keeps fine for the weekend.
3
- It's a beautiful morning, isn't it?
- Oh, yes, most lovely. There isn't a cloud in the sky and the sun is shining brightly. I'm afraid it may be very hot in the afternoon.
- It's 20° С now. I've just heard on the radio the temperature may rise to 29° С in the afternoon.
- It wouldn't be very nice. I can't stand such heat. I'm simply melting.
- Well, as for me, I like hot weather better than cold.
- I can't stand cold weather either.
4
- Good morning, Mrs Williams. How are you this morning?
- I'm quite all right, thank you, Mr Jones. And how are you?
- Fine, too, thank you. Nice day, isn't it?
- Absolutely lovely. Much warmer than yesterday, I believe, though a bit misty. Have you heard the weather forecast for today by the way?
- Yes, I have. It says the early morning mist is to clear before noon and the rest of the day will be bright and sunny with the temperature between 15° С and 17° C.
- Good, what's the outlook for tomorrow?
- It says there will be little change, so I believe we may have a few fine days after all.
- Splendid. A fine weekend is just what we all need, don't we?
- Oh, yes, quite true. Good-bye, Mrs Williams.
- Good - bye, Mr Jones.
5
- Well, I can't get used to such weather. It can change several times a day. It may be hot in the morning and very cold in the evening.
- Yes, that's just what happened yesterday.
- And weather forecasts aren't very helpful, are they?
- No, not very often. But there's nothing to be done, you'll have to put up with it.
Weather Forecast
Forecasting the
weather means that you are predicting what the weather will be. In English, we
generally use the future with 'will' to make a prediction. Practice using this
prediction and then make your own weather predictions. You can use a weather
report on the internet, or make up your weather prediction based on what you
know about your city.
The Oregon Weather Forecast (the example)
Weather
Forecaster: Good afternoon and welcome to the weather forecast. Let's take a
look at the weather outside now. What's it like? Well, it's currently raining
and cloudy in southern Oregon while northern Oregon is cold and clear. The sun
is shining, but it's rather cold up here in the North! The temperature is
currently 45 degrees in the southern Oregon and only 30 degrees in the North.
Shall we see
what the weather will be like tomorrow? Well, it will be rainy in the morning
in southern Oregon and windy in northern Oregon. In the afternoon, The South
will see cloudy weather with some rain later in the day. Northern Oregon will
also see rain turning to snow and quite windy, with winds coming from the
North-East.
That's the
weather forecast for this afternoon. Have a good day!
Lesson 4 Ex.4a,b
Hello and now let’s have a look at tomorrow weather forecast. Although it was cold this
morning, more February like, but I
suspect that was the coldest morning we will see in the next ten days for a cold front is gradually leaving Britain and moving to
the north.
Here in Aberdeen and Orkney Islands the next few days
will be spoilt with cold winds, it
is going to be overcast and the rain
chances increase greatly. And about
4-5 degrees above zero here.
In the central part of the country Liverpool, York and
Manchester will have sunny weather with cloudy periods. Since some warm air streams occupy this region the temperature is going to go up. At the same time don’t leave your umbrellas at home
because these air streams will also cause high humidity and bring heavy rain
tomorrow afternoon.
Let’s take you now
to the south and south-west of Britain. Since
the temperature increases up to 8
and 10 degrees, in Plymouth, Barnstaple and Bristol we will have a dry and warm
start of the week.
But the chances
of occasional showers are still quite high especially at night and in the
morning.
The rest of the day and tomorrow in the south region
will be fine with unbroken sunshine for the temperature here is warming up nicely to 10 or 12 degrees. In London it will be mainly sunny.
However, the temperature can still drop
at night to 4-5 degrees. In the
morning there we have some fog and it will be partially cloudy till lunchtime. By noon it will clear up as
strong, but warm winds from Gulf Stream help to move cloud masses down to the
continent. So a pair of sunglasses will be the right thing to carry around.
Words
to have a look at
I suspect=I think, I suppose
for=as, since
gradually=little by little, bit by bit
be spoilt with, spoil with
chances - possibility, probability
stream - поток
to occupy - занимать (территорию)
to go up - to rise (about the temperature)=to warm up
since=because (at the beginning of a sentence)
up to=as far as
unbroken - непрерывный
to drop - понижаться (about the temperature)
partially - немного, частично
precipitations - осадки
Speaker 1: Oh, what horrible weather we have today.
Yesterday it was sunny and cold and the air was full of magnificent snowflakes
that covered every inch of the ground. And when the snow stopped falling it was
quiet and peaceful. It was like a bit of magic before Christmas. Winter time is
definitely my favourite time of the year. But not today. Look at the street. It’s sleety and there’s
mud everywhere! And look at my new boots, I bet they are spoilt now! I can’t
stand when the temperature goes up and the snow melts and turns into small
dirty puddles that I have to jump over on my way to work.
Speaker 2: It was a fantastic day. Just look at this
picture. It was early in the morning on a chilly autumn day. The whole previous
day the sky was overcast and it rained and rained. That downpour seemed
endless, but in the evening the sky cleared up. And we even saw a flash of the
sun before the sunset. And in the morning I took this picture. Can you see this beautiful and mysterious fog
rising up above the lake? They call it evaporation, but it doesn’t sound so
poetic. I prefer calling it a mist. Though I don’t fancy autumn much, I prefer
hot boiling summer more, that day was the one I’d remember.
Speaker 3: My favourite season is summer since I can
spend the weekend in my garden. I enjoy watching the nature. In summer it’s so nice that the flowers dance with the leaves. But that
day drove me absolutely crazy. I spent
the whole day planting those roses in my garden. They said it was going to be a
mild day with some gentle showers after lunch. But instead of a light rain
black clouds blanketed the sky, threatening everyone of a heavy downpour.
Sparkling bright lightning flashed, and then a great clap of thunder came
close. And at once it started to hail! Can you imagine, in the middle of the
summer! I could collect a handful of those little white beads. The hail was
short, but hard and of course my roses got frozen.
Speaker 4: I
like different times of the year. I enjoy the grass covered with dew or
sleet. I think it’s nice to watch
snowflakes or raindrops falling on your window. Or the beginning of a
thunderstorm when a strong wind or gale hits the trees so hard they bend
double. But best of all I like a clear
frosty winter day when the sun is so bright I
can hardly open my eyes. On such a day you can see icicles on the roof
of your house or a garage. They shine like diamonds in the sunrays and it’s fun
to watch them growing bigger and bigger.
Lesson 2
to cover=to blanket
to shine-shone, shone
to fall-fell, fallen
phenomenon (sing) - phenomena (pl)
Lesson 1
dew - роса
evaporation=vapour - испарение
gust of wind=blow - порыв ветра
blow-blew-blown
to pour - лить
downpour=shower
shower - ливень, кратковременный дождь
bead - бусинка, шарик, гранула
to hail - идет град
hail - град
in the weather - outside, in the open air
under the weather - slightly unwell or in low spirits
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